Articles Tagged: dissertation

Rape has existed since primitive times yet theorists including Krafft-Ebing, who was pioneer of sexual disorders, were reluctant to address the underlying causes of it (Brownmiller, 1975). Once the issue was addressed many theories have been proposed. This paper will critically discuss three of those theories; initially it will discuss evolutionary theory followed by feminist theory. Many theorists believe that one concept theories are insufficient to explain rape, therefore the final theory discussed is confluence theory which attempts to provide a wider explanation for rape. The final section of this paper will address the patterns of rape including environmental and cultural patterns.

Based on research and statistics, it is known that domestic violence toward Asian women is pervasive. “Twelve percent of Asian and Pacific Islander women reported experiencing physical assault by an intimate partner at least once during their lifetime (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000)”. Unfortunately, documented reports of abuse most likely under-represent the number of abused women due to the secretive and victimizing nature of domestic violence.

The idea that prison should be a place where a person recovers or is rehabilitated is a complex issue. Many people see prison as a place of punishment, where people who have done things wrong should be segregated from society. There is an increasing awareness, however, that abandoning 'criminals' to the prison system is not really in the interests of society.

“the problems of society become most visible when change occurs, and recent decades have brought immense social and economic changes” (Pampel, 2000: 52).

This can be revealed most clearly in the sociological aspects of youth crime. However, it has also been claimed that social policy should evaluate how policies impact on peoples’ lives (Blakemore, 1998: 5). Durkheim noted that society works best when it exercises control over individuals (Pampel, 2000: 72). Acceptable behaviour is enforced through law and morality which is maintained through rules and principles: “the cement of society” (Devlin cited in Elliott and Quinn, 1998: 449). This ‘cement’ illustrates legal moralism that has been identified as ‘socially significant’ (Cotterrell, 1989, Page 1). Accordingly, an analysis of law’s conceptual structures (Cotterrell, 1989, Page 3) could be ascertained and the importance of shared values emphasised, ultimately influencing individuals’ behaviour (Pampel, 2000, Page 57).

The major objective and underlying theme of the project is to take an unbiased look at the technological advances that are employed by the fisheries markets.  The social, environmental, and economic of the exploitation of the fisheries market will be examined in order to enhance our company's knowledge of the socio-economic effects that aquaculture and the fishing industry has while at the same time taking into consideration the environmental impacts that the industry imparts in North eastern England.

Employee Rewards, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), men continue to earn considerably more than women. On average, UK men earn £569 a week whereas women earn just £436, equivalent to an annual pay gap of nearly £7,000.(Richter, 2003) What’s worse, is that despite the equal pay legislation in force for more than 30 years, the gender pay gap is one of the worst in Europe. The gap does narrow down with the level of education women attain but there too women graduates pay lags behind considerably to that of male graduates (approx 15%).(Harris, 2001)  The only encouraging picture that comes out of the recent researches is that the gap has somewhat closed down but even there the relative progress has substantially slowed down as compared to past generations.

This research will consider fractions as a topic for adult numeracy. Difficulties adults face inherent in the definition, computation, cognition, and usefulness of fractions will be considered, as well as effective teaching presentation styles for fractions. It is anticipated that this research will result in specific suggestions for adults learning this area of mathematics, such as alternate language, approach and methods.

Offenders and motive

Q. Does it matter what the offender’s motives are when utilizing situational crime prevention?

Keyword: Juvenile Delinquency -
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The Nature of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence has been defined as:
a continuum of behaviour ranging from verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault, to rape and even homicide. The vast majority of such violence, and the most severe and chronic incidents, are perpetrated by men against women and their children. 

One single unifying feature of criminal justice theories is that the imposition of punishment is necessary to the enforcement of criminal law (Walker 1991: 3)  Despite this consensus, theoretical perspectives differ in their approach to the quantification of punishment (Garland 1997).  This essay will explore the classical tradition that gave rise to notions of retribution as an appropriate basis for the determination of punishment, taking into account the views of influential theorists such as Beccaria, Bentham and Kant.  It will examine notions of utilitarianism underlying classicism and consider the role of proportionality in retributivism as well as addressing the rise, decline and ultimate re-emergence of retributist theories of punishment.

On the 7th February 1929 Guinness ran its first advertisement in the British national press. It was a pretty unimpressive effort. A column of text in seven paragraphs extolling the virtues of Guinness for its medicinal properties, claiming that it builds muscles, repairs nerves and was a valuable restorative and a cure for insomnia. The page was busy and a chore to read, but the printing technology of the time allowed for little else more to be designed.

The Western tradition of art ‘has always equated knowledge with representations which are judged according to their adequacy as reflections of external reality’ (Evans and Hall, 1999:12). However, works of art, photographs and modern media representations are essentially constructions through which ideologies are transmitted.